| 作者：未知 来源：互联网 文章类型：宠物知识 加入时间：2006-6-27 |
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我看到国外的一篇宠物杂志上的文章，觉得很不错，可以给刚刚饲养小狗的人借鉴一下，大家共同学习呀。以下是英文的，有空再把中文补上。大家要顶顶呀。
Puppy Primer
First steps in communication.
When someone calls youe name, you probably look in their direction. One of the most basic communication skills you can teach a dog is to do the same. When you say :Rover", you are really saying,"look at me for further instrution."
Start with simply saying your puppy's name and giving a reward-food, pats and praise-if the puppy looks at you. If the puppy says no attention, hold a tiny piece of food in front of the puppy's nose,then move your hand away until you are holding the food up to your face. Your pup will follow the food with his eyes and in the process look at you . Praise and reward as above. Do this five time, then wait a few seconds and try saying your pup's name. If you get eay a contact, praise first...wait...then treat. Don't praise while your are giving the treat because you are then praising for eating ,which is, to say the least, unnecessary.
狗狗的初级训练
第一步交流
当有人喊你名字的时候，你总会朝声音的方向看去。这也是你训练一只狗的最重要的交流技巧之一。 当你说：“ROVER”，你确实的意思是“看着我等我的指令”。
开始可以简单的叫你狗狗的名字，如果狗狗看着你的时候可以给他奖励的食物，抚摸和称赞。如果狗狗没有注意你，你可以拿一块小的食物放在狗狗的鼻子的前方，然后移动到你的脸旁。你的狗狗会一直跟着食物直到看着你的眼睛。称赞和奖励如果他做到的话。 连续做5次。停止一些时候再试图叫你狗狗的名字。狗狗做到看着你的话，再奖励和称赞。不要在让他吃奖励食物的时候给他称赞，这是不必的。
Sit
With a food treat or toy held in your hand(palm up),hold your hand close to your pup's nose and move it back, over his head. as the puppy follows the treat with his nose will lift and his butt will lower to the ground. If your pupy jumps up,keep the treat. A reward will reinforce any behaviour, so never give a treat for wrong behaviour. Be patient, in the begining, your puppy does not know waht the word" Sit" means. You could as easily teach the dog this position by saying souvlaski-it is all Greek to the dog.
坐
把食物或者玩具放在手中（手掌朝上），把手靠近你狗狗的鼻子然后向上收回。狗狗会跟着食物会把鼻子抬起，屁股接近地面。如果你的狗狗跳起，不要给他奖励。奖励会胛骨一些行为，所以不要在有错误的行为时给于奖励。要有点耐心，因为刚开始，狗狗是不知道："坐"是什么意思。
Down
Once you have a sit , it is easy to lure your puppy into a Down.Just hold the food treat in you hand(palm down) close to the puppy's nose. Now move your hand straight down between the pupp's front feet. Most puppies will follow the treat and sprawl into a Down very easily. If your pup's butt keeps popping up, you can try luring the puppy under something like your bant knee or a chair spindle.(You could also change the command and call it"Take a Bow",and reward the instead)
趴下
一旦你知道如何训练坐，那就很容易引诱你狗狗如何趴下。拿着奖励的食物放在手里（手掌朝下）靠近狗狗的鼻子，笔直向下移动到狗狗2只前腿之间。大多数的狗狗会很容易地跟着食物四肢伸开。 如果你狗狗的屁股依然向上，你可试着用膝盖压或着让狗狗钻在椅子下时在引诱。（你也可以改变命令如“鞠躬”，然后奖励）。
Stand
This is an often-neglected, but very useful command.For years people have been teaching their puppies to sit automatically whenever they stop while out on the walk. I got tired of cleaning slush and mud off my dog's behinds and taught them to stand instead. The stand comes in handy at the vet's office.and if you plan to show your dog in conformation or abedience ,then stand is necessary command. With your pup in a Sit or Down,hold your food lure in your hand(palm facing your pupy's nose) and slowly move your hand away from his nose. Your pup should follow your hand and get up and stand.
站立
这是一个经常被忽略，但非常有用的命令。多年来人们都在训练狗狗在外出散步的时候无论何时都能自觉的坐下。我厌倦在我的狗狗身后清洁烂泥，于是就教他们如何站立。最垂手可得的站立是在兽医的办公室里。如果你计划要展示你繁荣狗，站立是个必须的命令。在你狗狗坐着或趴下的时候，拿着你的食物引诱你的狗狗（手掌朝你狗狗的鼻子），然后慢慢从他鼻子处移开，你的狗狗就会跟着你的手而站立起来。
Mixing it up
Now that you 've taught all three of these position. It's important to mix it up. How many times have you seen someone getting their dog to lie down by telling it to sit first?This results in the dog being unclear about Down really means-the dog sees it as a continuation of sit,not a seperate action.So using your food lure,get get your pup to sit,then stand,then Down,then sit,then Down,then stand,then Down,then Sit,then Stand,then Down,etc.Initially,give a small food reward for each position;then as your puppy gets better at understanding your hand sighals and vocal commands,try to get more positions for each food reward.
Oh,yes,I did say hand sighal,You have been teaching your puppy hand signals as well as word commands.Is not that neat?Sit is palm up ,hand flat ,with a small upword movement;Down is palm down and a slight downward movement;and stand is your hand held flat,palm toward the dog,then moved away from the dog's nose.
联系起来
现在你已经学习了这3个姿势。把他们混合起来很重要。你有多少次看到别人叫他们的狗先坐然后在趴下？这是因为狗狗不清楚趴下真正的意思，狗狗认为这是一个连贯的动作，而不是分开的行为。所以，利用食物的引诱，让你的狗狗坐着，然后站立，然后趴下，然后坐着，然后趴下，然后站立，然后爬下，然后坐着，然后站立，然后趴下，等等。最初，对每个姿势给予小的食物，然后当你的狗狗对你的手势和声音命令做得越来越好的时候，试着对每个动作给予奖励。
对了，我提到了手势。你训练狗狗的手势也是语言命令。这不是很优雅吗？坐，是手掌朝上，手平直的向上移动，趴下，是手掌朝下,轻微向下移动。站立，是手持平，手掌朝向狗狗，然后从狗狗的鼻子处移开。
Stay
This command means, remain where I asked you ,in the position you are in until further notice.The say command can be used whether your pup is setting,standing or lying down.Standing directly in front of your pup,say the words"saty",and give the hand signal(palm in front of your puppy's nose,held still).While you are standing still,reward your pup for staying "good dog" and giving a treat.Nowtake one small another backward;if your puppy stays in place,give another treat and praise quietly. Step back to your pup and do the whole thing over again, gradually increasing the space between you . Always reward your pup while he is staying .If you wait and reward him at th end,he'll start getting anxious waiting for the end if the exercise and will be more likely to move.
Add distractions one at a time-move from onr foot to the other ,wave your hands in the air,take a step backward turn around,walk around the dog,sit in a chair and do anything else you can think of that might be interesting and make sure your pup is soliding before moving on.Practise stays in a quite place to begin with,then gradually work uo to more distracting locations,such as the backyard,or as street corner.It is important to have a release word that tells your pup that the exercise is ginished.I recommand that you choose a word that does not often come up in normal coversation because it could confuse your dog. |
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